Magic Realism Essays - Latin American Literature, Magic Realism

Magic Realism Magic Realism appeared as a critical term for the arts and it later extended to literature. The term was first used by the German critic Franz Roh in 1925 to characterize a group of Post-Expressionist painters. Franz Roh described it as a form in which "our real world re-emerges before our eyes, bathed in the clarity of a new day." It was later replaced by "New Objectivity." Magic Realism survived to define a narrative tendency in Latin America during 1949 to 1970. It can be defined as a preoccupation or interest in showing something common or daily into something unreal or strange. A magic realist narrator creates the illusion of "unreality," faking the escape from the natural, and tells an action that even if appears as explainable it comes across as strange. In strange narration's, instead of presenting something as real, the writers reality becomes magical. The writer suggests a supernatural atmosphere without denying the natural, and the style is distorting the reality. The intention of the narrator is to provoke strange feeling. The explanations are not clear or logical. There also is no innuendo or psychological analysis of the characters, instead they are well defined almost in opposition, and never appear confused or surprised about the supernatural. Gabrial Garcia Marques says for him it is the supernatural and the natural peacefully co-existing and showing themselves through magic realism. It is the encounter of strangeness and familiarity. During colonization, Europeans found a land full of strange and supernatural things and their records were based on their interpretations which lead to a uncertainty of Latin America. Gabriel Garcia Marquez in the Conferencia Nobel 1982 (the year in which he was awarded the Nobel Prize): "La Soledad de America Latina", tells of a Florentine sailor named Antonio Pigafetta who wrote about his expeditions around the world. This sailor described strange creatures, which many can be found today, but his interpretation created a supernatural rendition of Latin America in the European point of view. Overall, Latin American culture is a combination of many other cultures that came during colonization. Garcia Marquez, born into poverty studied law and journalism at the National University of Colombia in Bogota, and at the University of Cartagena. He began his career as a journalist, and demonstrated a unique interest in cinema and dedicated much of his early career to film criticism. Garcia Marquez began writing short stories in the late 1940s. His first major publication was "La hojarasca." In this story, Marquez describes the first fictional Colombian village of Macondo--the setting of much of his later work--and the combination of realism and fantasy characteristic of his style. His early journalistic writings clearly reflect his fascination with William Faulkner. Garcia Marquez's Monologue of "Isabel Watching it Rain in Macondo" offers us an example of the dangers of the "authoritarian nature of technological systems" and an example of the ways in which political and cultural systems are shaped by technology. "Then it rained. And the sky was a gray, jellyish substance that flapped it's wings a hand away from our heads" is a form of magic realism described in his short story. Garcia Marquez carries out his distortion of direct historical time through the internal monologues that record the narrators' thoughts, and through the complex effect of many monologues. The extent of the narrators' structure of social and historical reference differs significantly, and is almost immediately outlined by their reactions to the first historical sign, the sound of the train's horn, which marks 2:30. Garcia Marquez employs to overturn the passage of time at the level of the stories structure. The reader must read backwards and forwards at once in order to locate all of the emphasis of a strain and establish the relative historical order of the monologues in which they appear. It is remarkable over the family setting and the weather with the new season. The narrator and the family in this short story seem to be the upper class and the Indians as the servants. The second extravagant image comes when the narrator and her stepmother are talking about having the Indians put the flowerpots on the veranda "and that was what they did, while the rain grew like an immense tree over the other trees." Everyone is down due to all of the rain as the narrator talks about her father's eyes being "lost in the labrynth of the rain." Giving a demoning presence, their house was soon flooded "the floor covered by a thick surface of viscious, dead water." Everywhere things were getting worse especially when

Woodrow Wilson essays

Woodrow Wilson essays Woodrow Wilson; From Passive Progressive to War-time President Woodrow Wilson was a great president. His early administration was very much a part of stabilizing the disinergrating American economy at the time, as well as channeling foreign concerns, with peaceful realities. He was elected president in both 1912, and 1917, both trips to Whitehorse meant something different to Wilson. The country was also in different moods and circumstances. Looking at Wilson's first and second Innagurational addresses, as well as his well schemed fourteen points peace treaty, one can get a good understanding of the change Wilson went through from one term to the other. Bring 1912. The country is growing as a world economic contender, but at what cost? Children were being put to work as young as 7 years old, because of the size of their fingers, and hands to get where grown men couldn't. America was loosing its innocence to the textile, and machinery factories that developed out of reconstruction. Woodrow Wilson was an up and coming progressive Democrat that believed strongly in workforce reform, as well as economic renewal. His competition in the election of 1912 brought a very famous and also progressive Theodore Roosevelt, running as an independent. The Republican Party nominated William Taft as their vote for the president. Wilson won because of his realistic, down to earth ideas of workplace reconstruction. In his first Inaugural address, it is apparent to see his views. Through the first part of the speech, Wilson recognizes the nation is looking for a good laize-faire president. "No one can mistake the purpose for which the nati on now seeks to use the Democratic Party." Roosevelt, a Progressive Party candidate, and Taft, a Republican, believed in the big business plan. Woodrow Wilson believed that this was a threat to liberty, in many cases he's right. Wilson recognizes the need for change. In the forth part of his ...

Buddhism and Confucianism

Buddhism and Confucianism share many similarities, such as their influence on Chinese society and also teaching their people to be virtuous. They do though, differ in their beliefs and on a fundamental point; Buddhism is spiritual, while Confucianism is entirely secular. Buddhism and Confucianism are parallel in several ways. First, as mentioned before, they both influenced Chinese society in a way. Buddhism influenced China by the improvements of landscape painting. Their belief teaches compassion, karma, reincarnation, meditation, enlightenment, and respect of Heaven and Earth. The influence of Buddhism grew o such an extent that vast amounts of finical and human resources were expended on the creation and establishment of impressive works of art and elaborate temples. This growing interest in Buddhism helped to inspire new ways of depicting deities, new types of architectural spaces in which to worship them, and new ritual motions and actions. Confucians influences the basis of society, family structure, and the government for thousands of years. Buddhism encourages a respect for life; in China it helped modify the cruel punishments call for under Legalism. Buddhism espoused respect for all forms of life. Buddhism encouraged the people to be charitable and monasteries became the cultural centers of learning and scholarship. On the other hand, Confucianism had a great impact on the Chinese civilization. It greatly influenced their attitude toward life and it also set their patterns of living and standards of social value. Because of their influence on Chinese society, Buddhism and Confucianism also taught their followers good conduct. The Buddha taught that nirvana, or union with the universal spirit, can be reached through an understanding of the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, not through reincarnations from one cast to another. Confucianism taught that social order, harmony, and good government should be based on strong family relationships. Education was also important both to the welfare of an individual and to society and the respect to parents and elders were important to a well-ordered society, too While they may be similar on several levels, Confucianism and Buddhism can certainly be worlds apart in some aspects. One of them, and most important of all the differences, is the distinction between the secular and the spiritual. Confucianism, for one, is very spiritual, as it believes in the afterlife, the spirit that unties everything (Brahman), as well as believing the reincarnation. Even though Buddhism somewhat believe in reincarnation, they desperately try to avoid it, as they want to achieve Nirvana, or union with the universal spirit, which offers release from human suffering. Buddhists focus on minimizing or eliminating suffering. They try to master and reduce the desires and attachments that cause suffering. They are also very big on the cultivation of compassion towards all beings that can suffer. Confucianism, on the other hand, is entirely secular. Its followers devote their time solely to the principal of reciprocity and also the three essential values: Xiao, Ren, and Li. It also focuses mainly on the cultivation of character and human-heartedness, along with fulfilling ones duties to family and country. And because of their differences between their †¦.. t leads to their difference in their belief system. Buddhism is a religion while Confucianism is more of a philosophy. Confucianism believes that you should be improved by education and development of your character, while Buddhism belief is that there will always be negativity in life, and that all life has a lot of suffering in it. Therefore, you cannot change that. This is why Buddhists think reincarnation is a bad thing Also, the Confucians believed you need to understand the relationship with family, and to follow the five goals of Confucianism. The Buddhists had a totally different idea for this though†¦ they believe that you just need to follow behavior in the ways of the eightfold path As you can see Confucianism and Buddhism are very different, but at the same time they are very similar. Each belief has its unique view on basic beliefs, overall goals, goals of the individual believer, view of life, rules of behavior, views of society and influence on China. Even though some of the views are negative, it is the only way the people of that belief know.

Compare and Contrast Applied Research to Traditional Research Essay

Compare and Contrast Applied Research to Traditional Research - Essay Example Respondents always ask traditional researchers questions like how the research improves the real life cases, the actual concerns addressed by the research and the effectiveness of research. In most cases, basic researcher must answer by explaining that their study is mainly concerned about advancing human knowledge and may not have direct application, (Brown, 2008). Differences Basic research aims at investigating crucial behavioral bases, without considering how such bases are seen in practical situations. In other words, researchers use traditional research specifically for the information gathering purpose and with the aim of building on previous knowledge, while applied research is aimed at a certain question resolution. This shows researcher how mind information is connected to other information – this does not occur in real life situation. Applied research seeks to deal with and answer real life concerns and modern world problems. Fundamentally, pure research can be cons idered traditional research based on earlier theory, for instance, topic of applied research are topics such as thoughts of eye witness, psychological conditions healthcare treatments, persuasion, behavioral interventions of autism children and making of decisions. A researcher who does brain studies to know about overall operation is conducting traditional research, whereas as researcher who is investigating Alzheimer disorder origin is engaged in pure research. Pure research strives to build on earlier traditional research and traditional research, on the other hand, could be defined as the basis of knowledge that offers researchers with initial information required to pursue certain research areas. In the above neurologist’s case, for instance, the researcher who engages in pure research on a condition of neurology will mainly apply an increasingly general study by neurologist investigating the brain, (Cardy, Puffer & Newman, 208). The distinction between the two researche s can blur, for instance, an investigator playing around with batteries and energy-conserving methods may unintentionally discover a revolutionary battery that could be used as an industrial product. Therefore, in such a case, a study done to create means of comprehending and conserving energy may act as an immediate practical world applications like solar energy storage collected by solar panels on a building. Traditional research explores and tests generalized theories, ideals and concerns from which the entire world originates from to animal communication means. Some researchers have suggested that traditional research should not be considered, since it does not always lead to human beings benefits, but various pure research programs can be difficult to handle and start without traditional research. Traditional research study ensures that pure researchers have no need of wheel reinvention any time they set on a new program as the basic operations are already done. Similarities Th e two research types are intertwined and work as complements to each other. Basic study provides solutions to basic concerns of how things work. Similarly, applied scientists and researchers apply traditional research knowledge to enhance existing products, procedures, and techniques, (Amon, Gersbach & Sorger, 2010). In the same way, traditional resea

Critically appraise the contribution of Le Grand's knights, knaves, Essay - 1

Critically appraise the contribution of Le Grand's knights, knaves, pawns and queens framework to our understanding of r - Essay Example Those who were offered these services (and who were beneficiaries of welfare) became known as pawns, primarily because they were seen as passive participants in the whole process. They did not actively influence any happenings, and instead sat and waited for the knights to do everything for them. With time, however, (Le Grand mentions the period after 1979) this scenario changed after pawns realized that there were some knights who were not really knights at all (Le Grand 1995, pg. 151). They were more focused on their self-interests than the benefit of pawns, and, therefore, morphed into knaves. In addition to this, there was little that was knightly about paying taxes and supporting the less fortunate in the society. On the other hand, pawns came to be viewed as â€Å"queens†; they were supposed to be treated better, since in any market consumers are usually kings. In this paper, I will discuss and dissect Le Grand’s concept and weigh it against arguments which have b een against it by the likes of Welshman and others. I will also explore the influence that Le Grand’s framework has had on relationships between public authorities and organizations which provide public services paid for under contract or by vouchers. Key words: Knights, knaves, pawns, queens, Le Grand, Welshman. Analysis Welshman presented an argument that fell a little short of being labeled as an attack on Le Grand’s ideas. He (Welshman) argued that the concept of a cycle of deprivation (or transmitted deprivation) provided sufficient foundation for a demolition job on the knights, knave, pawns and queens notion. In his article, he presented important researches by Joseph, Coffield and others that supported his propositions. In truth, the whole point of Welshman’s argument was a firm grounding in the ability to provide viable alternate arguments against Le Grand’s ideas. For example, using Coffield’s research, a new concept of web deprivation wa s coined as a replacement for cycle of deprivation (Coffield, Robinson & Sarsby 1980, pg. 48). In essence, Welshman used the loopholes he identified in Le Grand’s arguments to develop an entirely new concept. A closer look at his article also reveals that he viewed Le Grand’s definition of people under welfare was too shallow and simplistic (although Le Grand had also suggested this in his proposition) (Welshman 2007, pg. 95) It is important to note that the knights, knaves, pawns and queens framework borrowed heavily from theories about public management (or organization studies, or political science, or indeed social science quite generally). In a traditional sense, public management was seen as more of calling than just a normal activity with the exception of being directly involved in public affairs. In the past, public servants were held in very high regard, and this is because they were considered to be custodians and trustees of public interests. This thought wa s supported by a reliance on the scholarly approaches to organizational studies, social science and political science. Over the years, this traditional perspective has been overtaken by other feasible approaches that have proved to be more than just alternatives (Berthoud 1976, pg. 103). These new approaches have supplanted the

Comparing two Cds Essay Example for Free

Comparing two Cds Essay Nelly produced 2 CDs called Sweat and Suit. He then made the combination of the two using both CD covers to make one. On the Sweat Cd he portrays himself as a cool gangster. Hes wearing a white beeney hat and a white vest, giving him the image of a sexy, muscular and strong man. The shades and jewellery is giving us an idea that maybe he is an expensive person and loves his money. Also he comes across as if you ever put him on an auction block he wouldnt be sold because he is priceless. The clouds behind him give him the impression that maybe his music does have much of a meaning to him, or it could be implying that during the day he is more of a chilled and relaxed sort of person. Unlike the Sweat CD the Suit backdrop seems to be of a street, which could be implying that maybe his music is more down to earth, and has a lot of meaning, and maybe this is when he gets in his zone and feels the happiest. I also get this impression from his clothes. He is looks more sophisticated, important and in control of everything, just because he is wearing a smart but casual black suit. He still keeps the bling and the hat though as though image is still one of the moist important things to him. These two images of him give us the idea that he might have a split personality, depending on who is around. The neon Nelly attracts your attention almost immediately because of the colour used. This I think is a tactic so his name can get stuck in you head. It also gives the cover a look of a casino or club, giving the cover a welcoming feel. This is different from the Sweat cover because his face grabs your attention first not his name and, his name blends more into the background and is of the same sort of colours. His facial expression on both CD covers and the main one, comes across as mean and serious, as though he is some one that shouldnt be messed with. I think it is a good idea that he has joined both CD covers because instead of just seeing one side of him you can see him as one. This way you can find out whether your assumptions were right or wrong, or whether you can find out anything more about him. The Sweat Suit is very clever as they have brought both the Sweat and the Suit faces to make one. The composition is cunning as well because they have made the face the centre, and main feature of the CD instead of making it smaller and shunting it to one side like they did on the other two albums. This is good because it grabs your attention immediately and stands out. The typography on his hat is like someone who has maybe graffito it and has also made it look gangster. Compared to the Nelly, Prince comes across very differently. Instead of having to guess what he meant by his title he basically spelt it out for you on the CD cover. Everything about it is different; the colours, the graphology and typography. On his Controversy CD he has made himself the centre of attention, but he has made himself small enough so you can see the background, which ties in with the title. He is wearing very 80s style clothing with a marching jacket, a bow tie, a shirt and waistcoat. The colours are very bland and not very exciting, although there are some studs and a brooch attached to the jacket. This shows that maybe they didnt have as much money in those days to spend lavishly or that coloured peoples music wasnt as recognised as it is today. The background is made up of newspaper clippings to do with god and whether you should believe in him or not. This was, and still is going on. Everyone says that you should believe in one type of god and if it isnt his or her god then you are a non-believer. I think this is one of the things he uses as an icon for himself, because it shows that maybe he does a lot towards spreading gods word, or showing everyone that god exists or not. The typography is in big bold writing so it stands out and you can read it easily. Prince is coloured in pink, and is positioned away from the image of him in the top right hand corner, right out of the way. His Emancipation Cd however is very different. It was only made ten yrs later but it is more alive and colourful. The composition is set out in a very clever and crafty way. In the centre of the CD cover is a picture of an elaborate male sex sign surrounded by chains. At the bottom of the cover there are two fists held up in the air. These could be symbolising either someone punching their fists up in the air because they know that they are now free, or they could be putting them up as if to get arrested. The fiery colours in the background could be expressing the persons feeling of anger or stress. During the last 30 decades I think the popularity of black solo artists has increased no matter what style of music it is. I also think that focus of black artists back then was not just on them but what the music is about. Unlike today where it just seems to be about the person and how cool and great they look. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Essay on The Glass Menagerie and the Life of Tennessee Williams

The Glass Menagerie and the Life of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie closely parallels the life of the author. From the very job Tennessee held early in his life to the apartment he and his family lived in. Each of the characters presented, their actions taken and even the setting have been based on the past of Thomas Lanier Williams, better known as Tennessee Williams. Donald Spoto described the new apartment building that Williams and his family relocated to in St. Louis, Missouri as having only two small windows, one window in the front of the apartment and another in the rear.   A fire escape blocked the smoky light that might have come in from the window facing the back alley (16).  Ã‚   In The Glass Menagerie, the apartment was described as facing an alley. Meyer brought to my attention that the entrance to the apartment was actually a fire escape. There was no front door in the apartment of The Glass Menagerie, only a fire escape to enter and exit through (1865).  Ã‚   This omission of a front door represents the feeling that Tennessee Williams had that he could not leave his family and strike out on his own in a normal fashion as most children do. Tennessee Williams felt that he had to literally escape in order to follow his own dream of writing as Tom too felt in the play. John Fritscher points out in his dissertation that Tennessee a nd Tom both were torn between their mother's interpretation of responsibility and their own instinct (5). Tom Wingfield, the narrator of the play, is representative of Tennessee Williams himself, down to them sharing the same first name. Tennessee Williams did not earn his nickname until his college days at the University of Missouri (Meyer 1864).  Ã‚   Both Tom and Tennessee William... ...ed his world and his experiences of it in whatever form seemed suitable to the material. (Kahn)    Works Cited: Cook, Sharon. "Permission to Quote Me." E-mail to author. 2 Apr. 1999 Fritscher Ph.D., John J. Love And Death In Tennessee Williams Diss.1967: Loyola University Library. Internet 1999. Available: jackfritscher.com/tennessee Kahn, Sy. Modern American Drama: Essays in Criticism. Edited by Willima E. Taylor. Deland, Florida. Everette/Edwards Inc., 1968. 71-88 Spoto, Donald. The Kindness of Strangers: The Life of Tennessee Williams. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.,1985 Tischler, Nancy M. Tennessee Williams: Rebellious Puritan. New York: The Citadel Press, 1965. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Writing, Thinking. 5th ed. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford, 1999. 1865-190

Israeli politics and the position of Palestinians in the conflict Essay

The U S and Israel are engaged in extensive strategic Like political and military American aids to Israel specially in project allocations and loans intelligence sharing As according to Lt. Col Abo-sak said that U. S relation with middle east specially focus on America’s involvement in the Palestinian-Israeli crisis . There are few reasons that Israel always stand by American side. The first is that American military ensure security of nation and trade and access to maintain all the facilities of the Israel. American and Israel signed memorandum of understanding which say’s that there would be close security co-operation and co-ordination between the Governments of these two countries. These two nations mutually agree to stand together against terrorism and co-operate in information sharing, investigation, research, and development of policy making. In December 2005 both the state signed agreement to joint against the smuggling of nuclear and radioactive material this agreement is the part of the non- proliferation program of the U. S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security 2. In 1993 Israel and Palestine signed the declaration of principles to create peace between the two countries. After a radical Israeli opposed to the peace process assassinated Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, the Labor party lost the Israeli election of 1996, giving away to the Likud party led by Benjamin Netanyahu. According to Karen (1991) the new government did not commit itself to the peace accords signed by the previous Israeli government, and the peace process was slowed to a standstill giving way to war. A) What happened during Ehud Barak and Ariel Sharon’s Administrations? During his tenure Barak really work lot on the Israel economic sector and he solve the case of the recession and make boom in economic with 5. 9% annual growth and there was zero inflation, and his Government basically focuses on the peace making process and he led to effort to negotiate on peace making agreement 1stly he went to Syria and later to Palestinian authority with the help of the American ex- president bill Clinton and his administration some how these negotiation didn’t work out. Mr. Barak also said that the whole government is for the national interest and for the looming security challenges and the economic crisis as he also mentioned that labor can play major role for the counterforce inside the government and labor party ‘s dominant role in shaping the Israeli state . After the Barak ,Ariel Sharon became the new prime minster of the Israel and he also negotiate with the Palestinian leader for the peace making process and said that Israel is also full of Jewish population and there should be complete co-operation among two countries and it should be united and indivisible for eternity . The new Israeli government violated the terms of the peace accord by, among other things, building new Israeli settlements in occupied lands, also in contravention of the international law. b) What role have the Palestinians played in this? And what has Hamas done? Palestinians was completely agree to establish peace within and with other countries so far its known that earlier Palestine was completely under the control of Israel and many people of Palestine was homeless and moved to the other countries as refugees and that the conflict had been fight to bring refugees back to Palestine and therefore this was the ultimate reason for the peace process from the Palestine ,such group like Hamas which work for the peace in Palestine and Hamas is also know as terrorist group. Hamas is the largest and most influential Palestinian militant. In January 2006, the group won the Palestinian Authority’s (PA) general legislative elections, and defeated Fatah; the party of the PA’s president, Mahmud Abbas, since coming in power, Hamas has continued refuses to recognize the state of Israel. Historically, Hamas has sponsored an extensive social service network. This group also operated a terrorist wing, carrying out suicide bombings and attacks using mortars and short-range rockets. Hamas is not a terrorist group it is an addition of military wing The basic goal of the Hamas is combined with Palestinian nationalism with Islamic fundamentalism it was to replace PA of Israel with an Islamism state on the west bank and Gaza and to rise the banner of the Allah in whole Palestine . 3. Applying peaceful facts in accordance with the principles of the US constitution would prevent the USA from making bias decisions that are constantly being made by the administrators against Arabs. a) Explain and give examples of these peaceful facts that can be used. The united state Institute of peace (USIP) seeks to here a fair move toward to its work connecting to Arab-Israeli relations by supporting investigate, program and grants that get better sympathetic, expand ability and study the issues in ways that can be helpful to all parties who are looking for peace. Arab-Israeli relationships have deteriorated to their lowly point in an age band, with increasing and widening cruelty. However, the harshness of the evils may force the parties to think again long-stagnant issue and make opportunity for new efforts to decide the disagreement. In order to grab on the forecast for renewing discussions, USIP is conducting both policy-relevant investigation and pioneering training in hold of local initiatives to put up sustain for peace. 4. In the past, the United States officials were on the side of the Israelis and gave bias opinion on the Arabs creating a condition of animosity and terror between the two countries. a) Give examples of this. American strategy in the Middle East has had few successes to speak of—smaller amount still when bearing in mind the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. One reason: With few exceptions (President Carter certainly, President Clinton occasionally), Arabs in general and Palestinians in exacting have not trusted American negotiators, who have always taken sides—Israel’s. The last time American mediation achieved an absolute success was from side to side the Camp David agreement of 1979, when Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty and Israel ceded back the Sinai to Egypt. Last 60 years the United States has claimed a dominant role in Middle East issues. But its evidence is poor. Concerning the Palestinians, it’s almost negligible. Americans have little trust in Palestinian eyes. There’s a reason why. As Aaron David Miller explain in The Much Too Promised Land , each American presidential management live a mediating position in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict takes it for decided that it’s on Israel’s side first and foremost. This is not only the matter of ideology. Miller describes how each text, every peace plan, and every accord that the Americans presented in Palestinian-Israeli talks over the years were vetted first through Israeli negotiators. Ronald Reagan once, in September 1982, announces a peace plan without first informing the Israelis. United States is not only violating the Camp David accords but also the U. S. promise to ask with Israel before responsibility such a plan. As Begin fluctuate between anger, tired acceptance, and a hurt resentment, it became clear that what set him off most was the American choice to organize the proposal in go onward with both the Jordanians and the Saudis. 5. President Obama must now ensure that the historical mistakes that were made by the past regime that lead to massive killings and displacement are not repeated during his reign as the president of the US. To ensure that his legacy remains in the book of records; US human rights groups, non-governmental organizations and research centers hat has been continuously supported by the United Nations to give a conflicting information that has increased insecurity and fear between the two nations. a) How can president Obama do this? â€Å"President Barack Obama said on Wednesday Israeli plans to build more homes near East Jerusalem were not helpful for the Middle East peace process, but he said the issue had not led to a crisis with one of the United States’ closest allies†. In an interview with FORX news channel’s president Obama said that ‘Israel is one of the closed allies of the America and American and Israeli people have special relationship and bond and that not going away. ’ He also mentioned that there is dissimilarity in terms of peace making process. Whatever action has been taken by Prime Minister (Netanyahu) of Israel didn’t work out so he said that what America need now is both side to recognize and to realize that this move of peace is for their nation interest. 6. Discuss USA’s views towards the conflict in the cold war and during the peace process. Due to cold war the United States became intensely occupied in the Middle East after 1945. U. S. officials required constancy in the Middle East on behalf of their objectives in the area and about the world. Stability in the area, these leaders unspecified, would help them safeguard their essential wellbeing and succeed in the Cold War. The Arab-Israeli conflict directly threatened Middle East stability in the late 1940s and 1950s. Israel refused to send home Arab Palestinian refugees, who became a political reason for the leaders of Arab states. Limitations on trade and shipping and disagreement about territorial restrictions and waterways bitter all of the protagonists. Despite the significance of Arab-Israeli peace to regional constancy, however, U. S. officials subsume their peacemaking to other Cold War interests. Government of USA tempered its devotion to conflict resolution with a determination to deny the Soviets any chance to gain political power in the Middle East. In the end, the United States unsuccessful to resolve the overall Arab-Israeli conflict or any of its exact dispute. The United States became fixed in the middle of the Arab-Israeli conflict. U. S. officials felt bound by their global repression policy to intercede in the Arab-Israeli conflict and to protect sound relations with all sides of the argument. U. S. has strategic approach in the direction of the Arab-Israeli argument during the first two presidential administrations after World War II. . Reference: Abo-Sak, Lieutenant Colonel Mohammed F. (1999) US Involvement in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Solution or Complication? Retrieved on 1 May 2010 from http://www. alhewar. com/LtCol. htm Abo-Sak, Lieutenant Colonel Mohammed F. [â€Å"Gaza: New Dynamics of Civic Disintegration† Journal of Palestinian Studies, Summer 1993] Special REPORT with Bret Baier Barack Obama (17th march 2010) available at topics. nytimes. com Hahn, P L (2004) Caught in the Middle East U. S. Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1945-1961 Abstract available and Retrieved on 1 May 2010 from http://uncpress. unc. edu/browse/page/393 Tristam P, (n. d. ) America’s Pro-Israel Bias: Why the United States Takes Israel’s Side A Long-Standing Commitment to Israel in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Retrieved on 1 May 2010 from http://middleeast. about. com/od/arabisraeliconflict/a/me080707. htm Israel and Saudi Arabia Retrieved on 1 May 2010 from http://www. usip. org/countries-continents

Critical Thinking Assignment on the Movie “Crash”

There are many characters in the movie â€Å"Crash† that catches one’s attention. Yet, for the purposes of this paper, Officer Tom Hansen, played by Ryan Philippe in the movie, shall be discussed. In the controversial movie, Crash, Hansen is a rookie cop whose partner, Officer Ryan (played by Matt Dillon) was portrayed as a bigot.On this particular film, their assignment was to locate a missing vehicle reported to have been stolen by African Americans in one of L. A. ’s posh neighborhoods. As a young officer, he was subject to the authority of his partner, who seemed to have unconventional ways of which he did not approve of.In the beginning, he instinctively questioned his partner’s seemingly cruel treatment of African-American members of the community. He witnessed, for example, his partners maltreatment of a couple who they caught performing fellatio inside their car. In a scene in the movie, Officer Ryan uses force and authority in molesting the women (played by Thandie Newton) while the husband (played by Terrence Howard) looked on helplessly. When Hanson tried to intervene, he was intimidated by his partner and he was forced to do go back to the car and do nothing.This created an animosity between the partners. Later on, he asked to be re-assigned to work with another officer. In the course of this exercise, Hanson find himself working alone and incidentally, crossed paths with the African-American husband whose wife his partner molested the night before. In the new situation, he was trying to pacify Mr. Cameron Thayer, as he had just reversed a situation when 2 young African American males tried to hi-jack his car. When Officer Hanson came to the scene, Mr. Thayer was threatening to shoot the delinquent who tried to steal his car while the police in turn, were ready to shoot him.Officer Hanson, in an effort to make up for his partner’s mistakes, pleaded with his fellow officers as he attempted to calm Mr. Thayer down un til he submitted his weapon. The story goes on to show how Mr. Hanson is exposed to the multitude of perspectives and manifestations of prejudice in his workplace and his encounters. Later on during the day, on his way back home, ponderous on the prejudiced encounters he had, he accommodated a hitch hiker, who was of African American descent.Officer Hanson’s mind, full of the conflicts he witnessed and his own confusing thoughts, tragically succumbs to the paranoia in his mind and ends up shooting his passenger whom he thought was carrying a gun. His innocence and his moral confidence shattered, he intensified the act by running away from the responsibility when he threw the body on the side of the road ad burned the car. The character of Officer Hanson was portrayed to experience, both roles conflict and role strain. In the film, Crash, Hanson’s role strain stems from his status as a police officer.Case in point, during his partner’s molestation of the director ’s wife (Thandie Newton), he was torn between his duty to maintain protocol as a partner, and his duty to the citizens in protecting their rights. In roles strain, there is a difficulty in resolving issues concerning a single, particular role that is played by an individual. In this instance, Officer Hanson makes was not able to work out the strain, initially but he tried to make up for it by saving the director, Mr. Thayer from getting into more trouble with the law.On the other hand, role conflict arises from a difficulty in resolving issues that involve the different roles an individual plays in society. In Officer Hanson’s case, role conflict arose when he shot his passenger on his day off. In this case, there is a conflict because in status, he is a police officer and it is his duty to report crime and enforce the law. However, in this situation, he is the perpetuator of a crime and he could not turn himself in. Officer Hanson was not able to resolve this role con flict when he opted to follow the instinct of self-preservation and made measure to cover up his crime.The stress that the character experienced led to the performance of a deviant act. In the movie, Officer Hanson ended up committing a crime. Further more, he did not submit himself to the law, instead, he covered up the act by burning is car and throwing the body on the side of the road. In this instance, his paranoia and his state of mind at that moment, after encountering several instances of prejudice which stuck into his consciousness, might have contributed to his act of deviance.Although, the shooting of the passenger could have been viewed as an act of self-defense, he crossed over to the side of deviance by not taking responsibility of his actions. Among the Theories of Deviance, one that is most related to Officer Hanson’s character is the Labeling Theory. This character, primarily wanted to be a â€Å"good cop†. That was why he wanted to get away from Office r Ryan, who was portrayed as a bigot. However, his exposure to the reality of social encounters and the labels that people throw at each other created some form of confusion in his mind.Though he set out to be an idealistic and optimistic type of person, the labeling of the races he encountered, particularly the African Americans, affected his judgment and his suspiciousness made him succumb o the paranoia that seemed to be gripping other officers in his profession. The mistaken belief of both Officer Hanson and his young passenger Peter Waters (played by Larenz Tate) stemmed from the labels that the society they lived in assigned to the different kinds of people residing in the community and this eventually led to both to their demise.In the film, the audience witnesses the internal struggle Officer Hanson faces in his experience as a rookie police officer. It can be said that he tried to triumph over the prejudices that were prevalent in his coworkers but. He was striving to be fa ir to all the people of different races and ethnicities he encountered. In his own way, we seemed to be trying to make up for what the other people of his race were exhibiting. He did not approve the acts of injustice which he saw being performed on people of other races, particularly the African-Americans.However, Officer Hanson eventually gave in to the predisposition of his ethnicity, even unknowingly. He is of the Caucasian race. A comparative study made on Caucasian and African Americans show that â€Å"from birth, Caucasians have a racial internal solidarity mechanism. Regardless of income or geographical location, Caucasians instinctively bond with each other and not African Americans to amass wealth and power. (White, 2007) In the character of Officer Hanson, it may be that he instinctively reacted to a situation based on what people of his race have grown accustomed to.Although he tried to fight against it, he still could not shake it off easily. Unknowingly, he responded to a shared consciousness and upheld the value of self- preservation. Race refers to differences and similarities that are relatively similar in biological features and recognized by society as significant to set these group of people apart. (Jones, 2005) The Study by White further states â€Å"Caucasians have an internal racial cohesive mechanism and believe in racial solidarity. Caucasians understand that solidarity groups amass wealth and power.Once wealth is amassed through cohesion, Caucasians determine who gets what resources, when they get those resources, how many resources they get, and how long the resources are allocated. Solidarity preserves the Caucasian race, and ensures that group members are privileged. Caucasians understand the premise behind racial cohesion, and they view cohesion as racial solidarity. Although these definitions cannot directly explain the choices made by the character of Officer Hanson, it gives one an idea of the prevailing value system existing within the community of his ethnicity.It is perhaps, more important to consider is his selective perception of the situation in viewing his responses to certain situation in the film. Selective Perception is how humans interpret particular encounters and experiences based on their own judgment, as influenced by their background, their state of mind and their value systems. In the case of Officer Hanson, his eventual commission of a crime resulted from his perception of the situation he was in. It can be inferred that this perception was influenced by his current experiences but it could also be from his own value systems and his existing frame of mind.Although, he appeared to be a person who would opt to do the right thing, who tried to rise above the everyday conflicts of race that he came across, in the end, he became a victim of his own selective perception. In trying to balance his conflicting roles and in trying to sort out his own feelings, he was in a perpetual state of guar dedness. Consequently, he was not able to clearly assess the situation and over estimated its gravity. This selective perception leads to the demise of the recipient of his guarded paranoia and undefined hostility.In the end, his role and self- perception was completely altered as well. REFERENCES Jones, Richard A. (2005) Race and Revisability Journal of Black Studies 35, 612-632.Henslin, James (2007) Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. (7th Ed.).Pearson: Allyn & Bacon White, Stephen (2007) â€Å"Variables that Inhibit Middle and Upper Class African Americans From Achieving Racial Cohesion†. National Social Science Association. 21 April 2008 .

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