Orphanage Management

Halfway houses 1. Daar-Ul-Tanzeem, Children Home 2. Anjuman Taleem-Ul-Quran 3. Daar-Ul-Shafqat, Anjuman Hamayat-e-Islam Location: (Gawaal Mandi and Raaj Garh) Group Members 1. Raza Ur Rehman L1F10MBAM0186 2. Hira Mumtaz L1F10MBAM0210 3. Adnan Ashraf L1F10MBAM0184 4. Arooj Shahid L1F10MBAM2211 5. Naveed Khan L1F10MBAM2204 University of Central Punjab Table of Contents Sr. No. | Topic| Page No. | 1. | Introduction to Volunteers| 3| 2. | Activity detail (Individually expounded by each volunteer)| 4| 3. | Finding (Individually expounded by each volunteer)| 5| 4. | Inference (in group)| 6| 5. | Solutions| 7| . | Recommendations| 8| 7. | Working Pictures| 9| 1) Introduction to Volunteers Name: Raza Ur Rehman Registration#L1F10MBAM0186 Contact # 0300-8818813 Email: [emailâ protected] com Hobbies: Playing chess and cricket. Point of life: To turn into a main exporter of Pakistan. Name: Hira Mumtaz Registration#L1F10MBAM0210 Contact # 0322-5454997 Email: [emailâ protected] com Hobbies: Fine expressions, Candle making and Singing. Point of life: I befit myself as a business visionary. I need to maintain my own business of crafted works. I additionally have an arrangement to fabricate a government assistance house for senior residents. Name: Adnan AshrafRegistration#L1F10MBAM0184 Contact # 0313-4545169 Email: [emailâ protected] com Hobbies: Reading paper and watching syndicated programs. Point of life: I need to investigate the vehicle part of Pakistan. Name: Arooj Shahid Registration#L1F10MBAM2211 Contact # 0321-8855324 Email: arooj. [emailâ protected] com Hobbies: Browsing, Chatting, Music, Social systems administration, Art work. Point of life: To lead a supervisory group. Name: Naveed Khan Registration#L1F10MBAM2204 Contact # 0333-4818331 Email: [emailâ protected] com Hobbies: Cricket, Volley ball, Internet surfing. Point of life: To turn into a famous legislator. ) Activity Details Raza Ur Rehman: I visited the halfway houses of Raaj Garh close Chouburji and Gaw aal Mandi. I went there alongside my gathering individuals to make mindfulness among youngsters and the staff individuals from the halfway houses in regards to the privileges of kids. At that point, I gathered the objections of youngsters and guarantee them full help by Children Complaint Office. Hira Mumtaz: I invested some energy with offspring of certain halfway houses to improve their comprehension about their privileges and show them our help to exceed expectations in their lives. I got some information about the insufficiencies or obstacles they are facing.Adnan Ashraf: I conversed with the vagrants of Raaj Garh and Gawaal Mandi about their issues which they are looking in their lives and made them mindful about their privileges as residents of Pakistan. Arooj Shahid: I entered the halfway houses and conversed with the authorities and the kids about the meriting privileges of youngsters. I attempted to build up a feeling of certainty among the vagrants and caused them to under stand their significance for a brilliant eventual fate of Pakistan. Naveed Khan: I considered the earth of halfway houses of Gawaal Mandi and Raaj Garh. We conversed with the kids about their normal work and propelled them to buckle down. ) Findings Raza Ur Rehman: Words of the considerable number of vagrants caused us to feel that the kids are happy with the offices and the consideration gave by the halfway house organization. They appear to be glad living there and had no issues with respect to the nature of food, training, garments, and so forth. In some cases, I had an inclination that they are hesitant to converse with me yet not long after investing some energy with them, my brain got cleared and came to realize that they were delaying in light of the fact that not many outcasts visit them. This created a clumsy inclination for them for a brief time of time.After investing some energy with vagrants, I discovered that these kids are not ready to live with their families. They n eed to remain in the shelter homes and think about them as their genuine home. However, their expectation for everyday comforts isn't in any case sufficient. Youngsters have such a large number of inquiries on their faces which should be replied by us. Significantly, after all the endeavors by the organization of halfway house, such a large number of things are absent in the lives of these vagrants which ought to be given to them. Hira Mumtaz: Orphanage guardians had close connection with these orphans.The idea about shelters we should have, been totally precluded in the wake of visiting these halfway houses. Be that as it may, the personal satisfaction stayed an inquiry for these halfway houses. Still a great deal of work and exertion should be placed so as to coordinate the ordinary expectations for everyday comforts. Adnan Ashraf: I saw the vagrants totally clear. They were bewildered to see us. Their countenances were attempting to disclose to us something however the nearness o f halfway house staff didn't permit them to talk straightforwardly. Despite the fact that these kids are carrying on with a superior life in these halfway houses yet their youth merit more than this.Arooj Shahid: The point of our visit to the shelter was to build up our comprehension about the normal work of these vagrants. I saw their consistently normal of going to class and afterward their life at shelter. I discovered that youngsters are simply going through an amazing times with no unmistakable points in future. Naveed Khan: After conversing with the youngsters and the authorities of halfway houses, I inferred that they have exceptionally restricted access to everything and because of this their reasoning has additionally got constrained which is anything but a decent sign for a prosperous Pakistan. 4) InferenceWith shared agreement, we all presumed that the youngsters are spending a superior personal satisfaction in shelters than their own homes. They are being given all bests imaginable office by the shelter staff. They have an inclination that the halfway house is their personality and they are not prepared to isolate themselves from their character. We discovered kids restrained. With all these positive viewpoints, one thing that we came to know in the wake of directing this battle is that these vagrants feel as though they are a weight on these halfway houses. All the more frequently, they have a sentiment of deprivation.They don't have an entrance to all the delights of life which an ordinary kid appreciates, for example, playing cricket or some different games. The explanation is that they don't have the playing extras. Every one of these things influence their character a lot. 5) Solutions Children objection confines must be put each halfway house. Punjab Government, the benefactors and the associations ought to reallocate the assets to all the more viably bolster elective consideration choices for these kids. CCO must make strides for creating va rious youngsters government assistance programs which should additionally be upheld by our Government in assigning fitting budget.Government should screen their executed exercises to guarantee that standard rules and guidelines are followed. Youngster assurance preparing and kid strengthening exercises ought to be actualized. We have to create programs that will advance the satisfaction of the child’s mental and mental prosperity. CCO in participation with youngster security organizations and different NGOs should start projects to give data to and instruct networks about the importance and ramifications of selections of orphanages.Orphanage staff should find a way to guarantee that kids living in shelters are, beyond what many would consider possible and with regards to the wellbeing of the kid, reunified with their families. 6) Recommendations * Place kids objection enclose each halfway house. * Punjab Government, contributors and associations ought to reallocate the assets to all the more viably bolster elective consideration choices for kids. * CCO should make strides for creating various kids government assistance program which should additionally be bolstered by our Government in assigning fitting financial plan. Government should screen their executed exercises to guarantee that standard rules and guidelines are followed. * Child assurance preparing and kid strengthening exercises ought to be executed. * Need to create programs that advance the satisfaction of the child’s mental and mental prosperity. * A thorough program should be started to get kids think about their privileges, I. e. option to live, option to learn, option to instruct and progressively significant option to be a family or a preparation program on the privileges of the kid ought to likewise be created for all kids living in halfway houses, mirroring the full scope of rights. CCO in participation with kid security organizations and different NGOs should start projects to give data to and teach networks about the importance and ramifications of selections of halfway houses. * Orphanage staff should find a way to guarantee that kids living in halfway houses are, beyond what many would consider possible and with regards to the wellbeing of the youngster, reunified with their families. * Different offices and NGOs with important mastery should proceed with endeavors to improve kid assurance. 7) Working Pictures

Risks Associated With International Business Transactions Economics Essay

Dangers Associated With International Business Transactions Economics Essay Global business has showed up in the history to fulfill the need of stocks from significant distance countries , it was a universal exchange . It starts in the nineteenth century BC where it has showed up in Assyrian dealer state in Cappadocia . Camels permits Arab to move flavors and silk from far east and exchange it , setting up the silk street which make an association with exchange Chinese and Indian products with the Romanian domain merchandise .Vasco de gamma ( Portuguese pilgrim ) has built up an ocean course among Europe and India . As universal exchange degree to arrive at all countries , the need of guidelines or a global business law has been raised . The principle show for global exchange was the assembled countries show on contracts for universal offer of good (CISG) which built up by UNCITRAL (United countries commission on worldwide exchange law) . Universal Business Law includes two sections , private and open law , the private law identified with global business exchange like worldwide exchange , account exchange , permitting and disseminating understandings . the open law identified with understandings that help to make a lawful system which universal business happens ( for example Arrangements , Customs , Tariff.. ) Global Business Transactions A business exchanges starts when a purchaser and a vender concur the terms and conditions to buy a particular merchandise with a nitty gritty amount and cost ( agreement of offer ). In this agreement , from the purchaser perspective what is fundamental is to pick up the responsibility for merchandise , for the vender what is significant is to have the lawful terms that give getting cash . An International business exchanges vary from local business exchange , on the grounds that its typically incorporate significant distance which implies higher hazard in merchandise traveling , which mean higher protection , how cash will be moved and who is capable of the products conveyance , all that ought to be incorporated and obviously in worldwide business exchange contract . import Export exchange Imports are products or administrations that are made or become abroad at that point bought or receipt by the merchant and dispersed locally . Fares are merchandise or administrations that are made or become inside the country at that point sold or rendered by the exporter to be disseminated abroad The need of fare import exchange by and large is on the grounds that on nation has a favorable position over others in explicit things , a few nations have relative points of interest like assembling (ex. Germany , japan .. ) others have similar bit of leeway in common assets like oil or gas ( ex. Saudi Arabia , Russia ) . Sending out can be immediate or roundabout .Direct trading is the point at which the maker assume the liability of the vast majority of the fare forms , as a rule they utilize Foreign salesman or remote distributer in the sent out nation .Indirect trading is the point at which an organization use middle people ( trade exchange organization , send out administration organization ) to enter the outside market , for the most part happen in light of the fact that absence of capital or on the grounds that the organization don't have the required understanding to enter this outside nation . Exchanges for the most part administered by the laws and guidelines of the exchange nations , they use duties and non-taxes boundaries , this mirror the way that organizations exchange with every nation . In 1947 countries acknowledge General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , this development happened to change exchange by diminishing duties and non-levies obstructions . in 1995 WTO (World Trade Organization ) has been made to deal with the standards and help settling the exchange debates between WTO countries . remote Direct Investment Remote Direct Investment is the point at which an organization contribute its workforces and assets to buy or to fabricate an activity in another nation . those organization called MNC (Multinational Corporation) . Nations normally welcome FDI in light of the fact that MNCs has numerous effects over hosts nation financial matters and political framework . FDI is a significant choice for any organization since its loaded with expenses and dangers . MNCs organizations has numerous approaches to enter the market of a remote nation considering of numerous variables like capitalization , lawful contemplations and economic situation, MNCs choose to enter outside market as Joint Venture , Mergers , Subsidiaries or Acquisitions . At the point when a firm claimed 100% by an outsider , its a completely possessed auxiliary . A joint endeavor is an association that is made by at least two organizations or with the outside government they share hazard and resources , organizations utilize joint dare to diminish the danger of entering remote market . ( for example Peugeot France has a joint endeavor with Dongfeng Motor China) A key coalition is an understanding between contenders to accomplish shared objective .(for example Aircrafts Coding share ) Permitting , Franchising Permitting is an understanding where the Licensor (Firm) gives a Licensee (Foreign Firm) the option to utilize its protected innovation ( patent , logo, equation , and so on.) .Licensing can be totally inside one nation , yet its a way that organizations use to convey its items with least hazard taken , where there is a level of benefit paid by the licensee to the licensor . Diversifying is a type of authorizing which the Franchisor (parent firm) offers gear , material , trademarks , innovation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ to the Franchisee (financial specialist) , in the other hand the franchisee should pay an expense or a level of the benefit to the franchisor .(for example McDonalds) Diversifying is a decent method to bury the outside market in light of the fact that the franchisee will give the funding to speculation and the administration and franchisee will manage client and work issues , diversifying for the most part connected with numerous lawful necessities , it relies upon the nation , un US the government exchange commission is directing the diversifying . in other turn in china they killed the vast majority of the limitation on diversifying . Hazard aSSOCIATED WITH INTERNTIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Key rISK Key hazard implies the danger of feeble or awful key choice concerning the seriousness the firm in the outside nation , its the danger of misanalysing of the watchmen five powers which are the danger of new participants , danger of substitute items or administrations , Bargaining intensity of client , Bargaining intensity of providers and the force of serious contention . Normally MNCs organizations is progressively worried about this hazard , where a very much done investigation of the market is required before entering the remote nation . A case of an organization which flopped In the key hazard thought . Political hazard Universal chiefs ought to comprehend the significant impacts of political dynamic in nation before starting its business , and see how political dynamic can impact its business . Political developments and flimsiness can make it hard to the organization to work well . Worldwide supervisor ought to know about the belief system of the host nation , the monetary framework ( socialism , communism ,private enterprise ) and the political framework ( vote based , tyranny ) and the structure of the host government , a danger of bans and approval of exchanges which typically utilized for political weight rather that financial issues .Understanding the solidness of host nation political framework can stay away from numerous dangers , another and threatening government may supplant the well disposed connections and henceforth seize outside resources .The firm most comprehend the territorial security and global issues of the host nation . The firm can do political hazard examination to aid firm dynamic . operational hazard Operational Risk is the hazard concerning operational exercises , hardware breakdown , flexibly of assets, coordinations and stock issues .By setting up a decent operational hazard examination and assessment , organizations will have the option to lessen operational misfortune, pre-distinguishing of criminal operations , diminishing reviewing costs and decrease exposures to future dangers , and that well lead to lessen squander and improve forms , it will create lead-time and add to effectiveness in worldwide business . In trade Import global exchange , a conveyance hazard is an operational hazard , where a purchaser didnt get requested merchandise , it can happen in view of laborers strike , or delay in the shipment . One type of conveyance chance is property hazard , and its a misfortune or harm to the merchandise before they show up. The danger of Pilferage can influence a wide range of exchange , exceptionally import send out one, this has been an issue for a long time , another method of boxing (load) and new advances entered this segment to limit the danger of pilferage . nation hazard At the point when the firm chose to work together expansive , it ought to consider the fundamental foundation required for the firm activity , that what nation chance methods . Streets , Bridges and media transmission, crime percentage and debasement , inward clashes or common agitation and the monetary condition ( joblessness rate , incompetent work power and so forth ) , psychological oppression , in the host nation all that can make it hard to enter or work together securely ,viably , productively in that nation . Nation hazard can be the Language and Cultural contrasts and the danger of presentation to outside law and courts , a Lack of language contrasts mindfulness can cause numerous issues that will end in courts , a case of that , what happened in1975 , United states area court , between Gaskin (US resident) and Stumm Handel GMBH (German organization ) , a work contract written in German has been marked by Gaskin ,who has no information about German language . innovative hazard Absence of security in electronic exchange , nonattendance of data innovation foundation and the expense of quickly created innovation , all that will result making issues that will influence working together in the host nation . natural hazard Ecological hazard may prompt harm the notoriety of the Firm if firms fu

Early Action Interview Deadline Approaching!

Early Action Interview Deadline Approaching! Next Saturday, October 20th, is the deadline for Early Action applicants to contact their interviewer (and, if youre applying for regular action, you may want to set that interview up pretty soon as well). For MIT Admissions, the interview is an important part of the process. The interviews are conducted in your home area (not on MITs campus) by an MIT alum, a volunteer known as an Educational Counselor, or EC. The interview is not intended to be overly formal. You should dress nicely, but you dont have to wear a suit or ball gown or anything like that. The interviewers wont grill you: no questions about calculus, or your brainteasers, or anything like that. Its meant to be more of a conversation, a give and take. What you should do is this: log on to MyMIT, where youll find the name and contact information for your interviewer. You should then call or email your EC to find a time and place that works for your interview. In a previous blog post, Interim Admissions Director Stu Schmill had these recommendations for the interview, which I think are pretty good: Review the ways in which you spend your time. What do you enjoy doing most? Inside or outside of school. Think about why you like to do these activities. What is it about them? The people, the subject, the process, etc. Remember that the alums will not have seen any part of your application and are not interested in your grades, test scores, etc. They want to learn about you as a person. This is your chance to tell us things that go beyond the application and what you can tell us in the essays. Think about why you are applying to MIT. Do a little research on the web, and think of some questions to ask. Remember that the interview is not only a way for us to get to know you better, but also a way for you to get to know us better. Show up on time. Relax. Relax. Relax. Remember, there is no way to fail. The interview is simply a chance to talk about what interests you and the things you like to do. And remember, all our alumni went through the interview when they were in high school and they are very nice people. They are looking to help enhance your application. Last year 16% of interviewed applicants were admitted to MIT while only 6% of those who did not have their interview were admitted. This is not because we penalized students who did not interview; rather its because the interview can add a useful, additional dimension to your application. (If your interview was waived, dont worry; we removed applicants with waived interviews before compiling those statistics.) Send a short thank you note after the interview. This is not at all expected as part of the admissions process we will have no knowledge of your having done this, and it will have no bearing on your application or the report that the EC writes. But it is the nice thing to do. (Email is okay, but a short, handwritten note is nicer.) I hope that is helpful! I might add: please allow your interviewer some time to get back to you before you start to worry; many MIT alums are quite busy, take business trips, have families, etc. Most ECs, though, are very excited to do the interviews and will get back to you as quickly as they can. Please be patient. If youve already been patient and still are having problems, please email [emailprotected]; well get back to you as quickly as we can. Also, note that if you live in an area where we dont have any ECs, your interview will be waived. If your interview is waived, dont worry, we wont hold this against you. For applicants or current students who have had an MIT interview, how did it go? Any advice for the students who havent yet interviewed?

Amazon Rainforest Ecosystem Of The Rainforest - 820 Words

The Amazon Rainforest The Interdependence of plants, animals, and humans is integral in the Amazon Rainforest ecosystem of the tropical rainforest biome. The key features of the Amazon Rainforest is the Amazon River. The Amazon Rainforest goes through Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and many other countries. Colombia has 10%, Brazil has 60%, and Peru has 13%. 80-90 degrees during the day and 50 degrees at night is the temperature of the Amazon Rainforest. There are dry and wet seasons. it gets 9 to 10 feet of rain a year. The terrain is in the Amazon Rainforest are rocky mountains, wetlands , plains, valleys, rivers, streams, and highlands. The dirt is poor with very few nutrients and it is very muddy. It is also dense with trees and rotting logs. The thin topsoils, made of decaying vegetable and animal parts, take up all the nutrients. In the Amazon Rainforest there s the Congo River, the Rio Negro, and the Amazon River. The plant that has adapted to the Amazon Rainforest is the pitcher plant. The sides of the plant are slippery causing its prey to fall in. Since the plant’s flowers look like meat, flies like to come to the pitcher plant. The plant s enzymes digest the meal and the plant is then able to absorb the nutrients. These adaptations help the plant to live because its’ food is the bug’s nutrients that got absorbed. The giant lily pad has adapted to the Amazon Rainforest. The giant lily pad adapted to the Amazon Rainforest by growing thorns on the bottom of the leavesShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Surrounding The Amazon Rainforest1206 Words   |  5 Pages The Denver Academy has recently researched and defined some of the important facts surrounding the Amazon rainforest. In 2017, the Amazon rainforest covers 2.1 million square miles of South America. It is a vast ecosystem home to 10% of the world’s known species (The Denver Academy). 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The American Revolution A True Revolution Essay - 1119 Words

The American Revolution, perhaps the most significant event in the history of the United States, was indeed radical enough to be considered a true revolution. One historian stated that, â€Å"The founding generation articulated enduring political questions and provided the structures by which we still conduct our political lives† (Kerber 25) to emphasize the enormous impact that the revolutionaries had on contemporary American society. These questions and structures however do not only pertain to America’s political system and ideals; they also greatly changed American social standards and practices throughout the years directly preceding and following the revolution. 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Through an examination of the social, cultural, economic and political causes of the American Revolution, an exploration of key arguments both for and against the American Revolution, and an analysis of the social, cultural, economic and political changes brought about by the American Revolution it can be demonstrated

Trade Organization Free Essays

Topic: Trade Trade routes and trade organizations have had an extensive impact on the worlds’ nations and regions. Many effects both negative and positive. Two trade organizations that have made a great impact are the organization of the petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) and the trans-Saharan trade routes of African kingdoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Trade Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now The organization of petroleum exporting countries was established on September 10-14, 1960. It is an intergovernmental organization of 12 oil producing countries. The 12 countries are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. These 12 countries depend heavily on oil revenues as their main source of income. The headquarters are located in Vienna. The OPEC was founded to unify and co-ordinate member countries in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers. The OPEC controls ? of the supply of oil in the world. The OPEC has both advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages are that it is more efficient to provide a regular supply of oil to consuming nations. They have better access to recourses to the producing countries. They have had a big influence on the international petroleum market by changing the petroleum policies according to the worlds demand and supply. Some disadvantages of the OPEC are that they can have too much control of the oil and the price because they are main oil producing countries throughout the world. They can hurt the members of the organization by limiting the oil supply. How to cite Trade Organization, Papers

Sleep Health Essay Example

Sleep Health Essay Increase public knowledge of how adequate sleep and treatment of sleep disorders improve health, productivity, wellness, quality of life, and safety on roads and in the workplace. Poor sleep health is a common problem with 25 percent of U. S. adults reporting insufficient sleep or rest at least 15 out of every 30 days. 1 The public health burden of chronic sleep loss and sleep disorders, coupled with low awareness of poor sleep health among the general population, health care professionals, and policymakers, necessitates a well-coordinated strategy to improve sleep-related health. Sleep, like nutrition and physical activity, is a critical determinant of health and well-being. 2 Sleep is a basic requirement for infant, child, and adolescent health and development. Sleep loss and untreated sleep disorders influence basic patterns of behavior that negatively affect family health and interpersonal relationships. Fatigue and sleepiness can reduce productivity and increase the chance for mishaps such as medical errors and motor vehicle or industrial accidents. Adequate sleep is necessary to: Fight off infection Support the metabolism of sugar to prevent diabetes Perform well in school Work effectively and safely Sleep timing and duration affect a number of endocrine, metabolic, and neurological functions that are critical to the maintenance of individual health. If left untreated, sleep disorders and chronic short sleep are associated with an increased risk of: Heart disease High blood pressure Obesity Diabetes All-cause mortality We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sleep health is a particular concern for individuals with chronic disabilities and disorders such as arthritis, kidney disease, pain, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and depression. Among older adults, the cognitive and medical consequences of untreated sleep disorders decrease health-related quality of life, contribute to functional limitations and loss of independence, and are associated with an increased risk of death from any cause.

Lieutenant General Nelson Miles in the Indian Wars

Lieutenant General Nelson Miles in the Indian Wars Nelson Appleton Miles was born August 8, 1839, at Westminster, MA. Raised on his familys farm, he was educated locally and later obtained employment at a crockery store in Boston. Interested in military matters, Miles read widely on the subject and attended night school to increase his knowledge. In the period before the Civil War, he worked with a retired French officer who taught him drill and other military principles. Following the outbreak of hostilities in 1861, Mile quickly moved to join the Union Army. Climbing the Ranks On September 9, 1861, Miles was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the 22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Serving on the staff of Brigadier General Oliver O. Howard, Miles first saw combat at the Battle of Seven Pines on May 31, 1862. In the course of the fighting, both men were wounded with Howard losing an arm. Recovering, Miles was promoted to lieutenant colonel for his bravery and assigned to the 61st New York. That September, the regiments commander, Colonel Francis Barlow, was wounded during the Battle of Antietam and Miles led the unit through the rest of the days fighting. For his performance, Miles was promoted to colonel and assumed permanent command of the regiment. In this role he led it during the Union defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville in December 1862 and May 1863. In the latter engagement, Miles was badly wounded and later received the Medal of Honor for his actions (awarded 1892). Due to his injuries, Miles missed the Battle of Gettysburg in early July. Recovering from his wounds, Miles returned to the Army of the Potomac and was given command of a brigade in Major General Winfield S. Hancocks II Corps. Becoming a General Leading his men during the Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House, Miles continued to perform well and was promoted to brigadier general on May 12, 1864. Retaining his brigade, Miles took part in the remaining engagements of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grants Overland Campaign including Cold Harbor and Petersburg. Following the Confederate collapse in April 1865, Miles took part in the final campaign which concluded with the Surrender at Appomattox. With the end of the war, Miles was promoted to major general in October (at age 26) and given command of II Corps. Postwar Overseeing Fortress Monroe, Miles was tasked with the imprisonment of President Jefferson Davis. Chastised for keeping the Confederate leader in chains, he had to defend himself from accusations that he was mistreating Davis. With the reduction of the US Army after the war, Miles was ensured of receiving a regular commission due to his sterling combat record. Already known as vain and ambitious, Miles sought to bring high-level influence to bear with the hope of retaining his generals stars. Though a skilled influence peddler, he failed in his goal and instead was offered a colonels commission in July 1866. Indian Wars Grudgingly accepting, this commission represented a higher rank than many of contemporaries with West Point connections and similar combat records received. Seeking to enhance his network, Miles married Mary Hoyt Sherman, niece of Major General William T. Sherman, in 1868. Taking command of the 37th Infantry Regiment, he saw duty on the frontier. In 1869, he received command of the 5th Infantry Regiment when the 37th and 5th were consolidated. Operating on the Southern Plains, Miles took part in several campaigns against the Native Americans in the region. In 1874-1875, he aided in directing US forces to victory in the Red River War with the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho. In October 1876, Miles was ordered north to oversee US Army operations against the Lakota Sioux following Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custers defeat at the Little Bighorn. Operating from Fort Keogh, Miles relentlessly campaigned through the winter forcing many of the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne to surrender or flee to Canada. In late 1877, his men forced the surrender of Chief Josephs band of Nez Perce. In 1880, Miles was promoted to brigadier general and given command of the Department of the Columbia. Remaining in this position for five years, he briefly led the Department of the Missouri until being directed to take over the hunt for Geronimo in 1886. Abandoning the use of Apache scouts, Miles command tracked Geronimo through the Sierra Madre Mountains and ultimately marched over 3,000 miles before Lieutenant Charles Gatewood negotiated his surrender. Eager to claim credit, Miles failed to mention Gatewoods efforts and transferred him to the Dakota Territory. During his campaigns against the Native Americans, Miles pioneered the use of the heliograph for signaling troops and constructed heliograph lines over 100 miles long. Promoted to major general in April 1890, he was compelled to put down the Ghost Dance movement which had led to increased resistance among the Lakota. In the course of the campaign, Sitting Bull was killed and US troops killed and wounded around 200 Lakota, including women and children, at Wounded Knee. Learning of the action, Miles later criticized Colonel James W. Forsyths decisions at Wounded Knee. Spanish-American War In 1894, while commanding the Department of the Missouri, Miles oversaw the US troops that aided in putting down the Pullman Strike riots. Late that year, he was ordered to take command of the Department of the East with headquarters in New York City. His tenure proved brief as he became the Commanding General of the US Army the following year following the retirement of Lieutenant General John Schofield. Miles remained in this position during the Spanish-American War in 1898. With the outbreak of hostilities, Miles began advocating for an attack on Puerto Rico prior to an invasion of Cuba. He also argued that any offensive should wait until the US Army was properly equipped and be timed to avoid the worst of yellow fever season in the Caribbean. Hampered by his reputation for being difficult and clashing with President William McKinley, who sought quick results, Miles was rapidly sidelined and prevented from playing an active role in the campaign in Cuba. Instead, he observed US troops in Cuba before being permitted to conduct a campaign in Puerto Rico in July-August 1898. Establishing a foothold on the island, his troops were advancing when the war ended. For his efforts, he was promoted to lieutenant general in 1901. Later Life Later that year, he earned the ire of President Theodore Roosevelt, who referred to the vain general as a brave peacock, for taking sides in an argument between Admiral George Dewey and Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley as well as criticizing American policy regarding the Philippines. He also worked to block reform of the War Department which would have seen the position of Commanding General transformed into a Chief of Staff. Reaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in 1903, Miles left the US Army. As Miles had alienated his superiors, Roosevelt did not send the customary congratulatory message and the Secretary of War did not attend his retirement ceremony. Retiring to Washington, DC, Miles repeatedly offered his services during World War I but was politely declined by President Woodrow Wilson. One of the most famous soldiers of his day, Miles died May 15, 1925, while taking his grandchildren to the circus. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with President Calvin Coolidge in attendance. Selected Sources NNDB: Nelson A. MilesArlington Cemetery: Nelson A. MilesLibrary of Congress: Nelson A. Miles

Definition and Examples of a Coordinate Clause

Definition and Examples of a Coordinate Clause In English grammar, a coordinate clause is a  clause (i.e., a word group containing a subject and predicate) that is introduced by one of the coordinating conjunctionsmost commonly and or but. A compound sentence is made up of one or more coordinate clauses joined to the main clause. The rhetorical term for a coordinate construction is parataxis. Examples It was apple-blossom time, and the days were getting warmer. (E.B. White,  Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952)I wasnt a fan of most vegetables, but I didnt mind peas. (Gene Simmons,  Kiss, and Make-Up. Crown, 2001)They ate the dessert, and neither one mentioned the fact that it was slightly burned. (Ernest Hemingway, Christmas in Paris.  The Toronto Star Weekly, December 1923) Combining Clauses The basic unit in syntax is the clause. Many utterances consist of a single clause, but there are also rules for combining clauses into larger units. The simplest way is by using a  coordinating conjunction, and, but, so and or. These may seem rather insignificant items but they represent a vast step forward from anything we can imagine in even the most sophisticated form of animal communication, and they are probably more complex than many people realize. (Ronald Macaulay,  The Social Art: Language and Its Uses, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2006) Disconnected Coordinate Clauses in Conversation In English conversation speakers often begin their utterances with and (also with so or but) without linking these connectives to immediately preceding linguistic material, but rather to more distant topics or even to their own as yet unarticulated (and unrecoverable) perspectives. In (29) the topic of the episode in which this utterance occurs concerns one of the participants consistently getting sick when he travels in Mexico. In this example, the speakers and is making reference to the whole discourse, not to a specific preceding utterance. (29) and you both eat the same things? (D12-4)   (Joanne Scheibman,  Point of View and Grammar: Structural Patterns of Subjectivity in American English Conversation. John Benjamins, 2002)

Training & Talent Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training & Talent Management - Essay Example I therefore appreciate the fact that Training and Talent Management has a significant impact on employees (managers, sales staff, customer service, etc.) (Treen, 2000). I suggests that it is important for the HR departments in organizations to ascertain that the employees at all levels including the managers, sales staff, customer service, etc are given equal chances to gain a clear insight of their expected roles and duties which will facilitate meeting the core values as well as purposes of the organization. This realization has enabled me as an aspiring manager to value the importance of Training and Talent Management in relation to the set goals of organization (Treen, 2000). Prior to this new knowledge I would have treated the process of recruitment of employees superficially. For instance, I would have employed the traditional method of placing an advert for job vacancies in the local dailies then asking for written applications based on purely academic qualifications as reflected on the curriculum vitae. I would also have â€Å"canvassed† from within the existing employees based on my â€Å"cronies† as a way of ‘buying royalty’. I would also have involved a hastily constituted panel to conduct â€Å"interviews† whose outcomes would have been premeditated. From the foregoing, it can be understood that I would not have been able to match talent equal to the task which is the core of Training and Talent Management. This topic on Training and Talent Management has acted as an eye opener. I now realize that the objective of Training and Talent Management is facilitating for efficient accomplishment of the responsibilities of the employees to the anticipated standards. Effectiveness of Training and Talent Management programs should be gauged by the perceived results which are reflected in the level of performance of the employees (Treen, 2000).

Case study for Strategic Management Research Paper

Case study for Strategic Management - Research Paper Example The business that HP has generated in the highly competitive market of information technology is remarkable. There are many competitors globally but HP has performed better in 2006. HP is known for its innovative products. As a global company, HP evolved with their innovative product development. HP has its own organizational structure based upon the business segment. There has been a continuous growth of sales, EPS (earning per share) and net revenue. The channel of distribution emphasizes upon the collaboration of various business partners. The objective of sales and marketing policies are through programs that perk up profit margins. In the segment of technology, there is a huge competition as there are many competitors. Dell Inc, Mac, IBM, Canon, and many other players are present to compete in the global market. HP and many other corporations were competing in the market; and among all DELL was the strong competitor. China has shown the largest consumption pattern in the computer segment. The focus should be towards the Chinese market. Toshiba has been able to create a market in China. HP should also compete with Toshiba in the computer section. The technology merchandise PLC (product life cycle) are of shorter span of time. Consumers expect more out of technology and unique products with different features. There are brands that provide the new concept of technical merchandises. But HP has been successful in providing unique products that have been developed through their efforts in R&D and innovative thinking. The market for the technical devices is not restricted to single or several segment of market. This enters at all the segments and with better policy, the higher market share can be obtained. In technological market, there are many choices of products in different segment operating nationally or internationally. The product features and the brand create the difference and there lies the

Honour Killings: Causes and Strategies for Intervention

Honour Killings: Causes and Strategies for Intervention What is honour killing? Every year, hundreds of women are killed in the name of honour by their family members because they have brought shame to the family and the community. Honour killing is defined murdering a member of the family in the name of honour, it is usually the female who is murdered for bringing shame to the family. In rare cases, men are also murdered if they bring dishonour to their family or community. It is believed that honour killing is a private family affair and it should remain between the four walls of the house, no accurate statistics are available on this social evil. It should be noted that honour killing is a gender-neutral concept but overwhelming majority victims are women. The only fundamental difference is that the male accussed of dishonouring might be given a chance to explain his situation before the trible leaders and can escape the death penalty by giving compensation to the family who has been ‘dishonoured’. Women are rarely given oppurtunaties to explain their side of the story and the only possible way to restore the honour is by killing the women who has brought shame to the family. Where does it take place? Pakistan consists of four provinces known as Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab and North West Frontier Province(NWFP). The menance known as honour killing frequently all four provinces of Pakistan. In Sindh, the practise of honour killing is known as â€Å"Karo Kari†, meaning ‘black female’ and ‘black male’. In Balochistan it is known Siahkal. The majority of the honour killings take place in rural areas, however, there have been some reported incidents of honour killings in urban cities of Pakistan such as Karachi and Lahore. How can one be dishonoured? Honour killings for a choosing a marriage partner According to the article 16 of Universal Declaration of human rights, both men and women of full age, irrespective race, religion and nationality can enter into marriage with any partner of their choice. It is our fundamental to marry a partner of our choice, however in Pakistan, women are not encouraged to have this right because women are seen as personal property of a man, therefore women should exercise their right. Women are seen as commodity owned and controlled by their fathers, husbands and brothers. Women are not suppose to express any desires and feelings contrary to the wishes of their fathers, husbands, and brothers. Traiditionally women are not allowed to choose their partners for marriage. The head of the family, usually the father, chooses the groom. the bride does not have any say in the process and any defiance against the process is considered a taboo. Women who have been succesful in marrying partners of their choice are often threatened by their father that charges of zina(unlawful sexual relations) would be brought against them. Under the islamic law of marriage, the wali(the closest male adult relative) has the responsibilty and authority with respect to marriage, the wali is usually the father and if it can be proved that the father did not give consent to the marriage then it will be considered invalid, if marriage is invalid then any sexual relations which took place between the man and the women would amount to zina. Most of the time, family members take matters into their own hands instead of going to court. A women who married a man of her choice was murdered outside Peshawar court by her brother in the name of honour. Women seeking divorce The article 16 of Universal declaration of human rights states that men and woman should have equal rights regarding dissolution of marriage. Under Islamic marriage law, a man is allowed to divorce his wife anytime, the divorce can be given verbally but a women cannot divorce her husband, she can apply for Khula(Separation) in the court of law. Divorce is seen as a very serious problem in the muslim world and muslim women are enouraged to avoid divorce at any cost, even if it means by putting up with a severely abusive husband. In 1999, Saima Sarwar was shot dead in a lawyers office because she attempted to obtain divorce from her husband severely abusive husband. The killing was instructed by her uncle but he was soon released Qisas and Diyat laws which states that the person(s) involved in killing will go free if he is pardoned by the Wali of the victim.Her uncle went unpunised as he was pardoned by her husbad and father in the capacity of Wali. It should be noted that Saima Sarwar belonged to a upper-class prominent family, her father is a entrepenuer and the mother is a doctor, this case shows the social evil in question is a cause of concern for both rural and urban population. The local newspapers in the region overwhemingly supported the killing, arguing that it was accordance to the tradition and therefore it cannot be a crime. Honour killings for rape A woman brings shame to the family if she becomes a victim of rape. In 1999, a 16 year old mentally-retarded girl was raped on many occasions by junior clerk of the local government department of agriculture in hotel in Parachinar, NWFP. The uncle of the girl lodged a complain, the accussed was taken into protective custody and the girl was handed to her tribe. The Jirga(tribal court) decided that she has brought shame to her tribe and the honour can only be restored by killing her. She was shot dead in front of tribal gathering. Get rich quick scheme? Ratio of honor killings is higher in those provinces where agriculture lands are abundant. Land is the main reason behind a majority of honor killing incidents in Sindh and Punjab. In overwhelming majority of cases, there is always a ulterior motive such as lust for money, land, lust for another women or to conceal other crimes. Many individuals exploit the concept of honour killing for gaining compensation or land. If both accused of karo kari are murdered then the matter usually ends but if only kari is killed and karo escapes, the karo has to compensate the affected man by giving him money, land or another women. Nafisa Shah, a leading human rights activist describes honour killing as industry which has range of stakeholders including tribes people, police administration and tribal mediators, honour killing is used as an excuse to hide sins and gain money. Police accept bribes of about 7000 rupees(equivalent to  £70) for not investigating claims of honour killing. The International Law International human rights law recognises â€Å"honour crimes† as a form violence against women, therefore it is a direct violation women’s right to life and security; freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment; and the right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law. Honor crimes also violate rights guaranteed to women by the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), such as the right to freely choose one’s spouse and the right to equality in marriage. CEDAW’s General Recommendation Number 19 defines gender-based violence as a form of discrimination against women and makes explicit reference to honor crimes. CEDAW obligates States to protect women from gender-based violence, including violence committed by family members and to prevent, investigate, and punish acts of violence against women. The Convention also requires States to disqualify honor as a legal defense for acts of violence against women. The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women echoes these obligations and states that, States should condemn violence against women and should not invoke any custom, tradition or religious consideration to avoid their obligations with respect to its elimination (Article 4). International human rights law is enforced through the state and by way of treaties. A state becoming the party to a international treaty will be bound by th treaty and it is the state’s responsibility and duty to protect the rights of the citizens. Pakistan is a party to a â€Å"Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women†, the treaty has been ratified and as a result of that, the Pakistani government ammended the Criminal Act 2004 which makes â€Å"Honour killing† a punishable offence. Apart from making the ammendment to Criminal Act 2004, Pakistan has taken several other intitaves to curb honour killings and domestic violence against women: Establishment of Gender Crime Cell Gender Crime Cell was established in National Bureau on 1st April 2006 to curb violence against women. The function of the Cell is to gather, collate and analyse data on cases of violence against women. The cell will act as central repository of relevant data on cases of violence against women and it will assist top-policy makers in developing holistic and effective policy countermeasures to control the social evil volence against women. Gender and Human Rights Sensitization To sensitize the police and to further improve law enforcement response to human rights situations, a comprehensive program has been included in the cirruculum of police training schools, police training colleges and national police academy. Cooperation/Collaboration with NGOs/ Civil society National Police Bureau has welcomed visits from NGOs who monitored severall police stations across the country, the main aim was to look into the business procedures, handling of public complaints against police, infra-structure, and facilities in lock-up of the stations. According to the Government of Pakistan, all these measures will help directly or indirectly contribute against curbing crimes against women. After reading the responses submitted to UN by the Government of Pakistan regarding the issues relating to violence against women, one would get the impression that Pakistan is trying to tackle the problem, some measures have been to curb the problem mentioned but the measures taken are not adequate enough to protect women, controversial laws such as Qisas still exist which are often exploited by murderers. Qisas Law Qisas law is relates to offences involving bodily injury or loss of life. The aim of the Qisas law is to put the victim’s family in control, ir is up to the family members of the victim to decide whether to bring an action against the murderer or pardon the murderer. Under the law, murdering a family member virtually carries no punishment as the other family members have the right to pardon the killer. In June 2002, Zakir killed 18- year Sabiha on suspicion that she had become pregnant, Zakir was pardoned by uncle of Sabiha, therefore his crime went unpunished. In a situation like such as this, courts and law enforcement agencies cannot take further action if the pardon is granted by the family member of the victim. n 90 percent cases of honor killings, the culprits are close relatives and therefore they are easily forgiven by the family of the deceased, in order successfully tackle this social evil, Qisas and Diyat Ordinance should not be in practise at all as it allows murderers to walk away free. It is evident that more needs to be done to tacke the menance known as honour killing, but the question what can the further steps can UN take to ensure that Pakistani Government makes further ammendments to the law to ensure that no murderers goes unpunished? The role of United Nations The human rights machinery in the UN systems works in three areas: information, analyis and policy development; provision of support to human rights bodies and organs; and promotion and protection of human rights. In order for this machinery to be successful, the UN has developed human rights institutions at the country level. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR) assigns human rights advisers to country teams and their aim is to advance human rights through legislative, judicial and other enforcement mechanisms. The UN has created commitees to oversee implementation of implementation human rights but the commitees have a limited power to investigate or monitor violations of human rights. The UN machinery is merely way of recording information. If a state fails to comply with demands of UN then procedures usually range from coaxing to naming and shaming, it is very rare that sanctions are imposed for human rights violations because of the undesirable consequences. UN is also having monetary problem, many of the major member states have refused to pay their assesed share of costs, the guaranteed budget of OHCHR has fallen less than half. United nations is not effective in curbing human rights violations, it has no other to make sure that the human rights are not violated, they do not have effective mechanisms to make sure that human rights are enforced and they do not have the necessary resources. Simply by signing and ratifying a treaty does not ensure that the State will carry their duties and protect human rights. The only serious measure which the UN can take is impose sanctions. It is possible to impose sanctions solely on the basis of human rights, imposing sanctions for breaches of human rights is rare. Should the UN impose sanctions to pressurize the Government? UN can impose sanctions such as diplomatic isolation , restrictions on international travel, trade and financial transactions. Sanctions is regarded a tool created to ensure that States comply with demands of UN. Imposing may seem as attractive option but it can discredited on the basis of its harsh consequences on the citizens of the state. Sanctions have a bad history as they inflict undeniable pain on the citizens which the UN is trying to protect. If UN was to impose trade and financial sanctions to pressurise Pakistan to do more to curb honour killlings, then it is highly unlikely the sanction will work because Pakistan already a poor country, 17% of the population lives under $1 a day. Pakistan economy nearly went bankrupt as a result of sanctions imposed by UN for carrying out nuclear tests. Economic sanctions means that the Pakistan economy will suffer and therefore the people of Pakistan will suffer, the overall level of poverty will increase and it is likely that honour killings will increase as well because honour killings are often carried to gain compensation or land. Sanctions will have a counter-productive effect on Pakistan, therefore it should be avoided. The role of NGOs Traditionally NGOs are considered to be more effective than United Nations, in the sense that they are better at monitoring than UN. NGOs tend to focus on one issue at a time compared to UN which focuses and many issues at a time, thus there is overload of work within the UN, therefore the procedure of monitoring is not effective. NGOs do not have any authority, it can pressurise Government by way of protest, NGOs can run aware campaigns and provide support and counciling services to the victims. NGOs cannot directlty enforce human rights, for human rights to be enforced, NGOs rely on courts, there are still loopholes in the law which favour the murderer, unless the loopholes are closed, the NGOs will not be effective. Majority of ‘honour killings’ take place in remote areas such as NWFP due to poor infrastructure, as a result of poor infrastructure, it can be very difficult for NGOs to monitor remote areas of Pakistan. According to Khawar Mumtaz, a leading human rights activist said there were many as eight NGOs working in the NWFP and for betterment of women. The organisations were targeted by religious extremists, the houses of workers and directors were destroyed. The NGOs had to close their operations and flee from NWFP because of security concerns. Who else can help? Apart from the United Nations and NGOs, countries such as United Kingdom can help to tackle problems such as ‘honour killings’ in Pakistan by giving them aid, which then can be used to improve the situation of human rights in Pakistan. The United Kingdom donated  £2m in 2006 to set up a gender and justice protection fund, the main aim of the fund is to curb violence against women. Many critics argue that the aid which is given is not always spent on protection of human rights due to high levels of corruption within the the Government. How can we fight this social evil? Legal measures The Government of Pakistan must repeal the Qisas law as it provides a loophole for murderers to exploit, the fight against the menance cannot be won unless Pakistani Government makes further ammendments to law. Adopt a legislation which would criminalise all forms of domestic violence, The UN has developed a framework for a model legislation which can be adopted. Honour killing should be treated as a crime against the state and Preventive measures Run campaigns to inform citizens of their human rights througout the country. Currently Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights is running a human rights mass awareness campaign throughout the country. The campaign is approached through print and electronic media, the campaign is delivered in the form of jingles, talk shows, commercials, slogans and promotional material in the Newspapers. In remote areas such as NWFP and interior Sindh, the people don’t usually have access to electronic media or newspapers. The literacy levels are low in pakistan, the literacy rate for women in 16%, this means that media is ineffective in remote areas because there is no televisions and majority of the women cannot read and write. The women who live in remote areas are most vunerable. Honour killing crimes are under-reported, as a result it is not possible to estimate the real magnitude of the problem. Monitoring and collecting information would help the Government to understand the problem better, and therefore it will enable the Government to come up with better strategy. Protective measures Provide adequate protection to human rights activists and lawyers, often leading human rights activits such as Hina Jilani and Asma Jehangir. In one incident, the two daughters of Asma Jehangir were assaulted and illegally held for several hours along with their friends by armed persons because they were making a video clip. The police did eventually arrive but failed to take any action againt the perpertrators, the police asked Asma Jehangir to remain quiet otherwise the girls would be kidnapped, raped and killed. If activists are not adequately protected by law enforcement agencies then they will not be able to fight for protection of human rights. Long term strategies Honour killing is not a recent phenomoen, similar practices have been known since ancient Roman times, when the Pater Familias (senior male within a household) retained the right to kill an unmarried but sexually active daughter or an adulterous wife. In order to fully eradicate this menance, we should look at the true root causes in order to curb this heinous crime against women. The three main factors are: Male domination Financial dependency Lack of education Male domination Both men and women should be represented equally in all public institutions, most importantly there should be proportiante representaion of women in the Government. The National Assemebly of Pakistan(equivalent to Parliament) has a total number 342 seats and 60 seats are reserved for women, only 17.5% of seats are occupied by women, in order to protect rights of women, it is imperative they are represented proportionaly in the Government. At the moment, there are few women in the Government who are holding key Government ministry, Sherry Rehman is the only women who is holding the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting which considered one of the important ministries. Recently Dr Fehmida Mirza was elected as the Speaker of National Assembly, she is the first woman is Pakistan to be elected as the Speaker of Natioanl Assembly. Late Benazir Bhutto was the first female prime minister of a muslim country. To end male domination, women should participate in politics, proportiante representation would mean that it will not possible to pass discriminatory laws in future against women such as Hudood ordinance as women would have a greater say in the law making process. Financial dependency Agriculture is the largest of economy of Pakistan, 79.8% of rural women are engaged in some sort of agricultural work. Majority of rural women have dual responsibilties, they have to look after house and work in agricultural land as well but they are grossly underpaid, in many cases they are not paid at all. Most women living in rural areas of Pakistan are not aware of their rights such as equal pay, the Government should run campaigns to empower women and inform them of their rights. The Government should run courses to give women vocational training, this would improve women’s capacity to earn by increasing women’s access to source of livelihood, in particular cottage industry, livestock production and agriculture. Only 9% of the jobs in the services industry of Pakistan are done by women. The Government should encourgae equal employment oppurtunities, it was only 2001 when an Act was introduced which ensures equal remunaration for men and women for work of equal value. Study carried by a NGO confirmed the widespread occurrence of sexual harrasment of women at the workplace, the Government of Pakistan been able to implement laws which adequately protect women at the workplace. Government should undertake measure to make places more safe so women could work without fear of discrimination and harassment. Lack of education Only 16% of women in Pakistan are literate. Illiteracy rates are very high Pakistan. The education sector in suffering from inadequate financing and infrastructure. The budget allocated to education sector is low, Pakistan is one of the twelve countries who spend 2% of their GDP on eduction sector. Education needs to be improved, more schools are needed in Pakistan so more girls could attend school. How practical is it to enforce rights in Pakistan? Lack of eductation and financial independence are the main factors which stop from going to relevant law authorities for protection of their human rights, low literacy rate and lack of awareness does stop women for seeking protection against violations of human rights. Also approching the judiciary through a lawyer can be a expensive proposition, therefore women do not attempt to take any action. Democracy and human rights It is believed that military regime are the worst offenders of human rights, from November 1999 to Feburary 2008, General Pervez Musharraf, a army general has enjoyed absolute power over Pakistan. In his term many human rights abuses took place such lal masjid killings and he sacked 12 judges out of 17 judges to install his own hand picked judges. General Pervez Musharraf’s human rights record has been poor. Elections took place on 18th Feburary 2008, most specators believe that elections were free and fair and democracy was restored. Recently the new Government ratified a key UN human rights treaty and signed two others, this suggests that the new democratic Government is serious about human rights issues and the position of human rights should be better under the Government of Pakistan People’s Party. For many years, a military general had absolute power over Pakistan, the military regime was rarely criticised by USA or UK because of Pakistan position against war on terror, infact he was praised by George W Bush and Tony Blair for his role despite the fact that he committed various violations of international law during his tenure, UN never imposed any economic sanctions on Pakistan, infact economic sanctions were lifted which were on Pakistan for conducting nuclear tests in 1997 after he promised support to hunt Osama bin Laden. Human rights violations in Pakistan are often ignored by major member states such USA and UK. The major member states did provide immunity to a dictator against human right violations, If USA and UK would have not supported Musharraf and would have taken steps earlier to restore democracy in Pakistan then the human rights situations would have been far improved by now. Jirga system Jirga is defined a tribal assembly consisting of male elders of the tribe. Majority of the cases relating to honour killings are decided in Jirga instead of a formal court. Jirga should be banned because the system is unfit to provide justice to women, male elders are biased towards women, trial by jirga is the prime protector of the tradition of honour killing. The tribal assembly usually consists of uneducated male elders who do not have the knowledge and the skills to judge. They do not have any jurisdiction to impose capital punishments. Sindh is the only province of Pakistan where the panchayat(equivalent to Jirgra system) have been banned, Jirga system still operational in Baluchistan and North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Jirga system should be be completely banned throughout Pakistan, the only reason why Jirga system is still operational in rural parts of Pakistan because it seen as a cheaper alternative. Any hope? Pakistan is grappling with many crisis at the moment, the burning of judiciary is still unsolved. There is shortage flour and food prices are rising dramatically. There is severe shortage of basic neccesaties such as electricity and clean water in Pakistan. Recently, one of the most popular leader of Pakistan was shot dead. The new Pakistani Government is facing many problems and as result of that, they are not able to fully concentrate human rights issues, honour killings have rarely received any attention from the media or the new Government. We can only hope that the new Government takes positive steps to curb this social evil, so far there has been no progress made by the new Government to address this problem. Pakistan as a suffering from increasing unemployment, increasing inflation and growing anger and frustrations with the system, lack of opportunities, all these factors can lead to violence against women, all tend to build aggravation in men. At the end of the day, it’s the women who are at the receiving end of the vented frustration, thus violence against women occurs as a direct result.

Kitchen Best

Grade: 84/100 87/100 Challenges: 16/20 Causes: 16/20 PoA: 20/25. Be more specific Research: 20/20 Writing: 12/15. Work to organize your paper more concisely and coherently with more effective headings/subheadings/visual aides Grade update: I added 3 more points to make this section 15/15 based upon your re-draft.? Henry Chan, who is the CEO of Kitchen Best, has set some ambitious targets for the business in 2008. However, his plan suffered a setback when a series of crises happened in 2010.These incidents involved in serious management problems such as personal gains made at the expense of the company and kickbacks offered and accepted between Kitchen Best and its partners. Symptoms Deep rooted practices of kickbacks, bribing and corruption: Accepting kickbacks, bribing and corruption were common in business dealings of kitchen best. Chan dong, founder of kitchen best treated his employees as family, and turned blind eye on any such practices as long as they were helpful in business expansion.But later when Henry Chan took over the business, a series of incidents had led him to take a deeper look into the company and uncover serious instances of misconduct. Unethical means followed by kitchen best’s most trusted employee: The shago incident : Horatio Sze : Sze awarded the contract to a factory owned by his brother in law, for his personal gain. Knowing that the products were faulty, he hasn’t taken any remedial action or cancel the contract. Macy wei :Having known that the products showed faulty in the in-house testing and Sze’s negligence towards this for his personal gain, she hasn’t reported it to the higher management, considering the good relation between Sze and Li. Ignorance of Henry and Ma luk : Sze reported directly to Ma Luk. Neither Ma took the responsibility to enquire further on the issue, nor did Henry involve himself much in monitoring the decisions of sub-contracting made by Sze. Haus de metro :Henry Chan, after havin g learnt from an anonymous letter that a shipment for German retail chain HdM did not meet the company’s safety requirements, did not pursue the case any further for fear of losing the customer. Honghua appliances : Ma Luk: Ma has built good relations with Honghua’s general manager for greater china, through wining, entertainment, dining and offering kickbacks. But the changed management of Hanghua was strictly against these practices and reevaluated the competency of all its suppliers. So, kitchen best’s relations with Honghua were at risk.Also, Ma has misused the company expenses for his personal gain. Henry Chan: Henry Chan didn’t have much grip on the clients and relations with them. He was mostly dependent on the experience of the senior management, like Ma who were mainlanders, to build relations with the clients and customers and he saw such practices as inevitable part of Chinese business culture. Lack of well-designed financial policies: Kitchen best did not have any well-defined policies or guidelines to control the expenses for entertaining customers.Henry Chan’s Cultural barrier: Henry Chan found it difficult to deal with mainland customers due to his cultural barriers. He was born and brought up at Hong Kong, and had not much exposure to deal with the mainland customers. So he had difficulties to cope up with the business culture and dealings with mainlanders. He had to depend on senior management, hence had no proper grip on the business there. Causes: Unplanned/sudden shift in management: Kitchen best’s employees were not prepared for the sudden change in management from Chan dong to Henry Chan.Each of them had completely different managing styles. Chan followed a paternalistic managerial style, treating the employees as a family and maintaining good relations with them, while Henry followed the western style of management. This gave the employees a chance to misuse the liberty of taking decisions that w estern style invoked †¢ â€Å"In the west, the ideal boss is a â€Å"resourceful democrat†. He sets the vision and strategy for the business but empowers subordinates to execute. He encourages two-way communication with his employees and allows bottom-up input in decision-making. In China, the ideal boss is a â€Å"benevolent father†. He is like a parent (a Chinese parent, by the way) who supervises his children on everything that need to be done. He believes in discipline and attention to details and manages his people at a micro level. He also spends lots of time caring for the personal welfare of his employees and regards it as part of his job. † – reference; management style differences between china and U. S Author: Joy Huang Shift of focus on different set of customers: eastern and western management (business cultures)is for 95% the same and differs in every important aspect. †- Takeo Fujisawa (Honda) Kitchen best mostly focused on Asian market but Henry focused on extending the business to western customers. Till then the company had no experience with directly dealing with the customers of Europe and America, and hence has no grip over these regions. The dealings at mainland and decision making were completely left to trusted employees without Henry’s personal monitoring and they took advantage of it.Henry’s experience as compared to that of senior management: Henry’s experience was far less than most of the employees in senior management who have been working for the company from its very beginning. Employees like Ma, Sze were very much trusted by Chan dong and Henry couldn’t go completely against the practices they followed although they were unethical. Lack of control over decision making and financial management: Henry relied much on his senior management for decision-making. But unlike Chan, he did not involve himself much, in making important decisions in mainland business operat ions.Any other monitoring measures were not implemented in the company. Kitchen best did not have any well designed financial policies that checked the ineffective expenses like dining, wining or entertaining the clients. Employees faked invoices and used the expenses for their personal gains. This would have been controlled if there was frequent auditing. Henry’s cultural limitations: Henry was born and brought up in Hong Kong, studied at U. S. Although he had experience in marketing of electric and electronic appliances, it was the first time for him to work with kitchen best.He was not so familiar with the business culture of mainland nor did he have good relations with the mainland clients. He believed that some unethical practices were inevitable in Chinese business culture, so although determined to change these practices, he ignored some cases and hand not implemented strict measures to control them altogether. â€Å"Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. cultural differences are nuicanse at best and often disaster† –Dr. Geert Hofstede Recommendations :A strong policy for internal contro l and financial management has to be designed and implemented. 2 months a strong policy †¢ to mitigate financial risks, continually asses new risks and minimize operational distractions to achieve the key results established in a commission's strategic plan †¢That should clearly and consistently maintain an internal control framework by developing a control policy and accompanying procedures that establish a commitment to reducing risk of loss and preserving commission resources.This document should briefly explain the objectives/goals of the commission, the ethical standard expected from employees, and the policies/procedures it is committed to adhering to in order to meet those objectives. Henry must first concentrate on getting a good grip on existing territory and then expansion of business to the west. Immediately 1-2 months †¢Henry Chan should start working more on the existing territory business operations, by involving himself in decision making, interacting directly with clients of mainland, rather than leaving it to Ma. Then strategically work on expanding direct business with the west, like getting to know the business culture and training a set of employees according to western business culture. Investigate and warn/ take disciplinary action Next one month †¢Ignoring the ethical breach of employees could lead to more corruption. Completing the investigation of cases and warning or taking disciplinary actions on employees responsible for it irrespective of their seniority could be substantial in reducing the corruption in business dealings.Set up a monitoring committee 15 days †¢Set up a monitoring committee that is headed by Henry, and includes legal , financial advisors of kitchen best, and auditing group. †¢This committee should constantly work on monitoring the activities, and flow of finance at different branches of the company Trial implementation of the policy made and make amendments if necessary 2 months †¢Implementing the designed policy for a period of two months and check for any loopholes, and make amendments if necessary. Managing the risk of fraud : The truth is you cannot defeat internal fraudsters if you are unfamiliar as to where and how they play their game of deceit and betrayal—you fail to know where your operation’s greatest risks and vulnerabilities are—or you fail to have enough knowledge to develop and implement a realistic anti-fraud action plan. † – reference book; business fraud – Jack L Hayes Ethics management : Keep the unique ethical climate of each market in mind when crafting your code of ethics to ensure that it is relevant to the international arena Apply standards equally in all markets, and among all subsidiaries.Stick to your standards, whatever they are. If yo u have a policy of following your home country's ethical standards around the world, be prepared to turn down opportunities in markets with unfavorable ethical climates. Make company-wide ethics training a regular activity, in addition to administering comprehensive ethics training programs for new hires. Use training sessions to highlight actual areas of concern in your organization, citing specific examples as often as possible. References Journal of Academic and Business Ethics: International Business Ethics †¢International Business Ethics Institute: Top Ten Mistakes References : http://www. f5ac. org/item. asp? id=3340 first five financial control guide; ch 6. Internal control http://www. slideshare. net/anandsubramaniam/cross-culture-east-west http://smallbusiness. chron. com/accounting-principles-general-financial-ethical-standards-36283. html http://www. copedia. com/internal_controls. html http://smallbusiness. chron. com/cultural-communication-barriers-workplace-13888. html

W.E.B. Du Boisâ€His Greatest Contributions to Sociology

Renowned sociologist, race scholar, and activist William Edward Burghardt du Bois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts on February 23, 1868. He lived to be 95 years old, and during the course of his long life authored multiple books that are still deeply important to the study of sociology—in particular, how sociologists study  race and racism. Du Bois is regarded as one of the founders of the discipline, along with Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Harriet Martineau. Civil Rights Pioneer Du Bois was the first black man to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He was also one of the founders of the NAACP, and a leader at the forefront of the movement for black civil rights in the United States. Later in his life, he was an activist for peace and opposed nuclear weapons, which made him a target of FBI harassment. Also a leader of the Pan-African movement, he moved to Ghana and renounced his U.S. citizenship in 1961. His body of work  inspired the creation of a critical journal of black politics, culture, and society called  Souls. His legacy is honored annually by  the American Sociological Association  with an award for a career of distinguished scholarship given in his name. Illustrating Structural Racism The Philadelphia Negro, published in  1896, was Du Boiss first major work. The study, considered one of the first examples of scientifically framed and conducted sociology, was based on over 2,500 in-person interviews systematically conducted with black households in the seventh ward of Philadelphia from August 1896 through December 1897. In a first for sociology, Du Bois combined his research with census data to create visual illustrations of his findings in bar graphs. Through this combination of methods, he clearly illustrated the realities of racism and how it impacted the lives and opportunities of this community, providing much-needed evidence in the fight to disprove the supposed cultural and intellectual inferiority of black people. Double-Consciousness and The Veil The  Souls of Black Folk, published in  1903, is a widely-taught collection of essays that draws on Du Boiss own experience of growing up black in a white nation to poignantly illustrate the psycho-socio effects of racism. In Chapter 1, Du Bois puts forth two concepts that have become staples of sociology and race theory: double-consciousness and the veil. Du Bois uses the metaphor of the veil to describe how black people see the world differently from whites, given how race and racism shape their experiences and interactions with others Physically speaking, the veil can be understood as dark skin, which, in our society marks black people as different from whites. Du Bois recounts first realizing the veils existence when a young white girl refused his greeting card in elementary school: â€Å"It dawned upon me with certain suddenness that I was different from the others †¦ shut out from their world by a vast veil.† Du Bois asserted that the veil prevents black people from having true self-consciousness, and instead forces them to have double-consciousness, wherein they have an understanding of themselves within their families and community, but also must view themselves through the eyes of others who see them as different and inferior. He wrote: It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at ones self through the eyes of others, of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.   The full book, which addresses the need for reforms against racism and suggests how they might be achieved, is a short and readable 171 pages.   Racism Prevents Class Consciousness Published in 1935,  Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880  uses historical evidence to illustrate how race and racism served the economic interests of capitalists in the Reconstruction-era southern United States. By dividing workers by race  and fueling racism, the economic and political elite ensured that a unified class of laborers would not develop, which allowed for extreme economic exploitation of both black and white workers. Importantly, this work is also an illustration of the economic struggle of newly freed slaves, and the roles they played in reconstructing the post-war South.